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Youth in Guatemala are the largest segment of the nation's population. Over half of the population under 19 years old in 2011, the highest proportion of young people of any country in Latin America. The health, education, and work opportunities for young people differ by ethnicity (''ladino'' or indigenous) and social class. A high illiteracy rate is common not only among the Guatemalan population, but especially among youth. The male youth literacy rate tends to be higher than the female youth literacy rate. There is not full participation in education among youth. There is less than 100% participation in primary education and high school enrollment is around 17%. The structural barriers in place, such as poverty and inequality〔(【引用サイトリンク】website = http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccsbrief_gtm_en.pdf?ua=1 )〕 greatly affect a youth's access to healthcare. Females especially feel the lack of equality when it comes to access to health care, especially during pregnancy, and education. The lack of adequate nutrition and health care in Guatemala has adverse effects on a youth's overall health.One example being stunted growth which about half of Guatemalan youth experience.〔 The Millennium Development Goals works to address these inequalities and barriers. The presence and allure of gangs fosters a possibly dangerous environment for youth in Guatemala. A program called Open Schools is used to combat the forces that push youth into dangerous situations. Open Schools works to overcome barriers that Guatemalan youth face. Migration is also a lure for youth but many feel discouraged by the lack of capital experienced after migration. == Education == Education in Guatemala has less than full participation. Primary schools do not achieve 100% enrollment and from there, enrollment continuously drops until it reaches about 17% at the high school level.〔 Females are even less represented.〔 This contributes to a higher participation in the informal market. In Guatemala, the only public university is USAC, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.〔 There is little emphasis on research. "From every 100 graduate students enrolled in San Carlos of Guatemala University only 13 successfully completed their programs".〔 Those who do successfully complete their program often obtain a degree in the social sciences. Another survey indicated that the medical field, as well as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields, should be a top priority but is not a focus of higher education.〔 Those who do possess a degree are not utilized efficiently and are often outcompeted by their counterparts with a foreign degree.〔 Master or doctoral degrees then become inefficient and insufficient, dissuading many from furthering their education.〔 There is a stigma that those who have a degree are overqualified and would not be willing to work lower level jobs which excludes youth from the job market altogether.〔"Public institutions discriminate those who have obtained postgraduate degrees abroad".〔 Those who do obtain a degree are not utilized and are competing with those with a foreign degree. Those who have a foreign degree are discriminated against. Overall, there is a stigma and assumption that those who have successfully completed higher education are overqualified and would not be willing to work many jobs. Another stigma surrounding education in Guatemala is that it is regarded as less important than social connections and ties.〔 Many view nepotism as more important than education.〔 Teachers in Guatemala often deal with youth who were left behind by their parents who migrated elsewhere. They often dissuaded their students to migrate.〔 One reason for this is the loss of human capital experienced during migration.〔 A program called Open Schools, which was launched in 2008, helps prevent violence and protect youth by providing them opportunity to constructively use their free time.〔 While Open Schools is not a formal educational environment, it aims to help youth, especially those who are disadvantaged, through culture, art, sports, and technology.〔 Open Schools program is available to students on the weekends where youth can socialize and participate in constructive activities.〔 Child Aid is another program that helps youth's educational experience. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Youth in Guatemala」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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